Sexually transmitted infections are remarkably common, with some 20 million new cases being diagnosed each year in the U.S. Some are curable. Some are not. And unfortunately, many people may be unknowingly infected because these diseases don’t always produce symptoms. This is significant because untreated STIs can lead to some serious health issues
For doctors, these facts are frustrating because STIs are preventable if teens and adults are aware of what they are and the precautions they can take. During April, STI and STD Awareness Month, health providers across the country want teens and adults to take note of what they can do to protect their health.
Common STIs
There are dozens of bacteria, viruses and pathogens that can be transmitted during sex, but the most common infections diagnosed are chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), syphilis, and hepatitis. They are spread generally through sexual contact (vaginal and oral) and often are symptomless or cause such mild symptoms as to not be noticed. Some symptoms may be:
- Vaginal or urethral discharge
- Odor, especially after sex
- Burning or itching in the genital area
- Abdominal pain
Only chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and syphilis are curable, but all are treatable if they are diagnosed. Left untreated, STIs can lead to tragic health consequences.
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Infertility
- Cancer
- Liver damage
- Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy that can cause serious illness, low birthweight and stillbirth
Prevention and testing
Awareness and acknowledgment of STIs is the key to sexual health, with the goal to prevent transmission in the first place. Using condoms correctly and consistently continues to be one of the most effective methods of preventing STIs.
Even when using condoms, however, health care professionals encourage those who are sexually active to get tested for STIs annually. For those with multiple partners or who do not always practice safe sex, more frequent testing is recommended.
For teens and young adults who are not yet sexually active, the HPV vaccine has been highly effective against this virus and is strongly recommended.
Most importantly, diagnosis provides you with the best opportunity to cure, treat, or manage an STI and maintain your health.
If you have questions about STIs, whether you should be tested, or how STIs may impact your health or your pregnancy, Stark Women’s Center encourages you to make an appointment with one of our professionals.