One of the more recent vaccines recommended by doctors for children and young adults is the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Used and administered in the US since 2006, this vaccine is considered a difference maker in the prevention of certain cancers, especially cervical cancer.
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection, impacting at least 85% of people who are sexually active. The infection itself is benign for most, resolving on its own with no health problems in 9 out of 10 people. In cases where HPV does not go away, however, the infection can cause genital warts and cancer. Since almost all cervical cancer cases are caused by HPV infections, preventing the infection in the first place can make a big difference for women in reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer.
The facts about HPV
- More than 40 million HPV infections occur each year in the US.
- Transmission usually occurs through sexual intercourse, although it also can be spread through close skin-to-skin touching during sex.
- Most people with HPV do not have symptoms but can still transmit the virus to another.
- While most infections go away on their own, there is no test to diagnose it or to determine whether you have had it, and there is no way to know who may develop cancer as a result.
- Experts estimate that HPV causes more than 35,000 cases of cancer each year in the US.
A safe and effective vaccine
Since its introduction in the US in 2006, experts believe the HPV vaccine has reduced cases of infection and precancers by at least 70%. By vaccinating children before they are exposed to HPV, it is believed infection and precancer rates can be reduced even more.
- Doctors recommend two doses of vaccine 6 to 12 months apart for children 9 to 15. After age 15, a three-dose series is recommended.
- The HPV is highly recommended for young adults through age 26.
- For adults 27 and older, the vaccine is generally not recommended because it is not as effective after exposure to multiple types of HPV.
- Side effects are mild, and may include pain at the injection site, dizziness, nausea, and headache.
- Statistics show that HPV infections of the types that cause genital warts and most cancers have dropped more than 80% among teens and young adults since introduction of the vaccine.
The vast majority of men and women have had or will get an HPV infection during their lifetime. The risk of cancer exists for both men and women, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, and is significantly greater for those who are not vaccinated. Even for adults who are beyond the recommended age, it is worth learning whether the vaccine can provide some protection from infection and cancer.
If you have questions about HPV and the benefits of the HPV vaccine, contact Stark Women’s Center for a consultation.