The five main types of gynecological cancers are cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar. Among these, cervical cancer is the easiest to detect and treat because it usually is identified in very early or precancerous stages through a routine Pap test. Abnormal cells are removed, and the prognosis is generally very good.
Ovarian cancer, on the other hand, frequently has no symptoms until it is late stage and often has spread. At this point, the prognosis can be grim. Doctors agree that awareness of family history and risk factors are crucial in the fight against these cancers.
What can you do?
If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, talk to your doctor right away.
- Unexplained pain or pressure in the pelvic area
- Unexplained back or abdominal pain
- A full feeling after eating only a small amount
- Unexplained bloating
- Vaginal bleeding that is not normal for you, including longer or heavier periods
- Bleeding after having completed menopause
These symptoms could indicate many issues other than cancer, but a thorough exam can rule out a serious problem.
Screening and vaccination
Doctors know that human papilloma virus causes cervical cancer as well as many vaginal and vulvar cancers. While vaginal and vulvar cancers are quite rare, screening for and vaccination against HPV is the best way for women to reduce the risk and even prevent cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers.
The HPV vaccine is most effective before a woman is exposed to the virus. Doctors recommend a two-shot series for girls under 15 and a three-shot series for those 15 and older. After age 26, you should discuss with your doctor whether getting vaccinated is right for you.
While Pap tests and HPV screening continue to be the best way to identify and treat these cancers in their early stages, ovarian and uterine cancers are not as easily detected through any screening process. Doctors encourage women to learn their family history, as both tend to be genetic, with ovarian cancer going along with breast cancer and uterine cancer often related to a family history of colon cancer.
Reducing your risk
Healthy choices, including diet, weight management, exercise, and avoiding tobacco products all are proven to reduce a women’s risk of developing cancer. Your doctor may also be able to advise you on potential benefits of using birth control pills.
Breastfeeding rather than bottle feeding may also reduce a woman’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. With regard to HPV, you may help reduce your risk by using condoms and limiting your number of sexual partners.
Annual exams at any age are critical to a woman’s health. Even if you do not need a Pap test, be sure to see your gynecologist annually to discuss concerns and changes in your health.
Contact the doctors at Stark Women’s Center for more information about women’s cancers and to schedule your annual exam.